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HOMAGE

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• to all men and women along History, often anonymous heroes, who contributed to the emancipation of each and every person from all possible origins through the development of Science, the spread of Knowledge and the increase in individual and collective Freedom and Equality − the only effective sources of Human Dignity.

[to emancipate derives from the Latin expression ex manus capere = to take off from hand]

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Scientific Progress by Josep Maria Sert (1934)

Social Progress by Josep Maria Sert (1934)

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[two mural paintings by Josep Maria Sert (1934) in the
Council Chamber room of the League of Nations (United Nations) Office in Geneva]

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• to all men and women along History, often anonymous heroes, who fought to conquest social (civil and political) rights for each and every person from all possible origins, in the long, slow, and still far-from-achievement, process that led to the establishment of relevant practices and, among other fundamental rules and laws, to the writing and approval (10th December of 1948) of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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to Human Rights

• to all thinkers that deeply tried to understand the universe and the world we live in, humankind and its history, society, … … … 

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namely…

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• to a roman classic epicurean hedonist, a materialist (atomist), empiricist and rationalist ancestor of European Modernity:

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LUCRETIUS 

[ Titus LUCRETIUS CARUS ]

(~94 aC – ~50 aC)​

Lucretius

De Rerum Natura (1483)

to Lucretius

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and…

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• to the eminent thinkers that, in XVII^th and XVIII^th centuries, strongly inspired and assumed the Progressist Radical Enlightenment that lead to Modernity:

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Baruch SPINOZA

[ Bento de ESPINOSA / Benedictus de SPINOZA ]

(24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677)—

Baruck SPINOZA / Benedictus de SPINOZA

front page – 1st. edition (1670)

to Spinoza

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• to the scientists and philosophers that, in the XVIII^th century, formulated and promoted the Progressist Radical Enlightenment that lead to Modernity; namely to: 

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CONDORCET, marquis de

[ Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas CARITAT ]

(17 September 1743 – 28 Mars 1794)

Condorcet par Jean-Baptiste Greuze (~1785)

front page – 1st. edition (1795)

to Condorcet

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guided by four seminal historians of European Modernity:

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John Bagnell BURY

(16 October 1861 – 1 June 1927)

J. B. Bury – photograph by Lafayette Ltt.

front page – 1st. edition (1920)

to John B. Bury

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Paul HAZARD

[ Paul Gustave Marie Camille HAZARD ]

(30 August 1878 – 13 April 1944)—​

Paul Hazard

front page – 1st. edition (1835)

to Paul Hazard

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Margaret Candee JACOB

(08 June 1943 – )—​

Margaret C. Jacob

Radical Enlightenment (cover of 1st edition)

to Margaret C. Jacob

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Jonathan Irvine ISRAEL

(26 January 1946 – )—​

Jonathan Irvine Israel

Radical Enlightenment (cover of 1st edition)

to Jonathan Israel

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Article 21
1- Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2- Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
3- The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

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