Jonathan Irvine ISRAEL

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Jonathan Irvine ISRAEL

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(London, 26 January 1946)

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British/Jewish historian

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RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT vs. MODERATE ENLIGHTENMENT

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Jonathan Israel developed quite a deep historic research on the European Enlightenment period (XVII and XVIII centuries), clearly identifying a Radical Enlightenment – an alternative to a moderate one – as a philosophical/ideological, cultural/political, movement that aimed to establish a rationalist and materialist root, a secularist/laicist ground, to a democratic and republican progressivist profile of Modernity.

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RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT IN FIVE POINTS

• Philosophical «Reason» is the Only True Guide in Human Life
• No Scripture or Revelation can be Authoritative
• Therefore there was to be full Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Conscience, Freedom of Expression, Freedom of the Press
• True Morality can be found out by Reason alone and its principle is that everyone’s happiness (and interests) must be deemed equal
• Given equality is the principle basis of Morality, Social Theory, democracy (according to Spinoza not to Bayle) is the best form of Government

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3 CONFERENCES:

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RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MAKING OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750-1800) – in: University of New Englend, 2013
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CHANGING THE WORLD: ENLIGHTENMENT AND BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS – in: The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), 2010
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THE HISTORY OF BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN. 1789, Conference in the 80th-anniversary celebrations, in School of Historical Studies and Social Science. Princeton, November 12, 2010

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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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2001	2006	2010
2011	2015	2019

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Jonathan I. ISRAEL – RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT: PHILOSOPHY AND THE MAKING OF MODERNITY – 1650-1750. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.

Jonathan I. ISRAEL – ENLIGHTENMENT CONTESTED: PHILOSOPHY, MODERNITY, AND THE EMANCIPATION OF MAN – 1670-1752. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2006.

Jonathan I. ISRAEL – A REVOLUTION OF THE MIND: RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF MODERN DEMOCRACY. Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011.

Jonathan I. ISRAEL – DEMOCRATIC ENLIGHTENMENT: PHILOSOPHY, REVOLUTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS – 1750-1790. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2011.

Jonathan I. ISRAEL – REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS – 1750-1790. Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011.

Jonathan I. ISRAEL – THE ENLIGHTENMENT THAT FAILED: IDEAS, REVOLUTION AND DEMOCRATIC DEFEAT – 1748-1830. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2011.

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