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HOMAGE

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to:

• all men and women along History, often anonymous heroes, who contributed to the emancipation of each and every person from all possible origins through the development of Science, the spread of Knowledge and the increase in individual and collective Freedom and Equality − the only effective sources of Human Dignity.

[to emancipate derives from the Latin expression ex manus capere = to take off from hand]

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Scientific Progress by Josep Maria Sert (1934)

Social Progress by Josep Maria Sert (1934)

[two mural paintings by Josep Maria Sert (1934) in the
Council Chamber room of the League of Nations (United Nations) Office in Geneva]

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• all men and women along History, often anonymous heroes, who fought to conquest social (civil and political) rights for each and every person from all possible origins, in the long, slow, and still far-from-achievement, process that led to the establishment of relevant practices and, among other fundamental rules and laws, to the writing and approval (10th December of 1948) of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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to Human Rights

—
namely…

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… to a roman classic epicurean hedonist, a materialist (atomist), empiricist and rationalist ancestor of Modernity:

— 

LUCRETIUS 

[ Titus LUCRETIUS CARUS ]

(~94 aC – ~50 aC)

​

​

De Rerum Natura (1483)

Lucretius

to Lucretius

—

and…

—

… to two eminent thinkers that, in XVII^th and XVIII^th centuries, strongly inspired a progressist Radical Enlightenment:

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Baruch SPINOZA

[ Bento de ESPINOSA / Benedictus de SPINOZA ]

(24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677)

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Baruck SPINOZA / Benedictus de SPINOZA

front page – 1st. edition (1670)

to Spinoza

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CONDORCET, marquis de

[ Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas CARITAT ]

(17 September 1743 – 28 Mars 1794)

front page – 1st. edition (1794)

Condorcet par Jean-Baptiste Vérité (~1791)

to Condorcet

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guided by two seminal historians of European Modernity:

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John Bagnell BURY

(16 October 1861 – 1 June 1927)

J.B. Bury – photograph by Lafayette Ltt.

front page – 1st. edition (1920)

to John B. Bury

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Jonathan Irvine ISRAEL

(26 January 1946 – )

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Radical Enkightenment (front page of 1st edition)

Jonathan Irvine Israel

to Jonathan I. Israel

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——

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All religions are equally sublime to the ignorant, useful to the politician, and ridiculous to the philosopher. [translated]

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Lucretius [Titus Lucretius Carus] (~99BC-~55BC)

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